Saka, šaka ili sake (staropersijski: -{Sakā}-; brahmanski: 12px12px -{Śaka}-, sanskritski: शक, -{Śaka}-; starogrčki: Σάκαι, -{Sákai}-; latinski: -{Sacae}-; , staro -{*Sək}-, mod. -{Sāi}-, egipatski: ) bili su grupe nomadskih iranskih naroda koji su istorijski naseljavali severne i istočne Evroazijske stepe i Tarimske kotline. "Modern scholars have mostly used the name Saka to refer to Iranians of the Eastern Steppe and Tarim Basin" "In modern scholarship the name 'Sakas' is reserved for the ancient tribes of northern and eastern Central Asia and Eastern Turkestan to distinguish them from the related Massagetae of the Aral region and the Scythians of the Pontic steppes. These tribes spoke Iranian languages, and their chief occupation was nomadic pastoralism."
Mada su usko povezani, Sake treba razlikovati od Skita iz Pontijskih stepa i Masageta iz oblasti Aralskog mora. "Horse-riding nomadism has been referred to as the culture of 'Early Nomads'. This term encompasses different ethnic groups (such as Scythians, Saka, Massagetae, and Yuezhi)..." Oni čine deo širih skitskih kultura. Kao i Skiti, Saka su ultimatlo proistekli iz ranije andronovske kulture. Njihov jezik bio je deo skitskih jezika. Istaknuti arheološki ostaci Saka uključuju Arzhan, Paziričke grobnice, Isik kurgan, Saka Kurganske grobnice, humke iz Tasmola i eventualno Tilija Tepe.
U 2. veku p. n. e., mnogi pripadnici naroda Sake su usled napada Juedža prebegli iz stepa u Sogdiju i Baktriju, a zatim na severozapad Indijskog potkontinenta, gde su bili poznati kao Indo-Skiti. "The Saka, or Śaka, people then began their long migration that ended with their conquest of northern India, where they are also known as the Indo-Scythians." Drugi pripadnici naroda Saka su napali Partsko carstvo i na kraju su se nastanili u Sistanu, dok su drugi verovatno prešli u Dijan Kraljevstvo u Junanu u Kini. U Tarimskoj kotlini i pustinji Takla Makan severozapadne Kine, oni su se naselili u Kotanu, Jarkandu, Kašgaru i drugim mestima, koja su u raznim vremenima bila vazalna većim silama, poput Han Kine i Tang Kine.
Reference
Literatura
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Spoljašnje veze
-{Scythians/Sacae by Jona Lendering}- -{Article by Kivisild et al. on genetic heritage of early Indian settlers }-
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