Polynema — род хальцидоидных наездников из семейства Mymaridae.
Распространение Неарктика, Неотропика, Палеарктика, Индия, КитайPolynema (Distribution), Австралия и Океания.
Описание Мелкие хальцидоидные наездники тёмно-коричневого и чёрного цвета (усики и ноги светлее). Длина тела: 0,545—2,250 мм. Тело гладкое и блестящее. Булава усиков 1-члениковая. Крылья с длинными краевыми щетинками. Усики очень длинные, больше длины головы вместе грудью. Паразиты насекомых, таких как цикадки, горбатки, клопы (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Flatidae, Membracidae, Miridae, Nabidae) и стрекозы (Odonata: Aeshnidae, Lestidae). Имеют потенциально важную роль в биологическом контроле видов-вредителейBalduf, W.V. (1928) Observations on the buffalo tree hopper Ceresa bubalus Fabr. (Membracidae, Homoptera) and the bionomics of an egg parasite, Polynema striaticorne Girault (Mymaridae, Hymenoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 21, 419—435.Boyd, E.A., Triapitsyn, S.V. & Hoddle, M.S. (2008) Taxonomic notes on Polynema eutettexi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and a similar species reared as an egg parasitoid of Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84 (3), 194—199.Fursov, V.N. (1994) New data on Polynema striaticorne (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) and its host, buffalo tree hopper, Stictocephala bisonia (Homoptera, Membracidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 2, 12-19. [in Russian]Hayat, M. & Anis, S.B. (1999a) The Indian species of Polynema with notes on Stephanodes reduvioli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Oriental Insects, 33, 315—331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1999.10433797Lakin, k.R. (1985) Systematics and biology of the crop associated species of Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in southern Arizona (parasitoids, parasite, alfalfa hopers, leafhoppers). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 84 pp.Wiesenborn, W.D. (2002) Weak dependence of Polynema saga (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitism rate on Opsius stactogalus Fieber (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) egg density. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 75 (2), 116—122..
Систематика Более 200 видов. Среди 9 других неарктических родов группы Polynema (Acmopolynema, Cnecomymar, Eustochus, Kalopolynema, Mymar, Neomymar, Palaeoneura, Caraphractus, Stephanodes), Polynema сходен только с одним (Palaeoneura). Впервые был выделен в 1833 году, а его валидный статус подтверждён в ходе ревизии, проведённой в 2020 году канадским энтомологом Джоном Хубером (John T. Huber; Natural Resources Canada c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects, Оттава, Канада), Jennifer D. Read и российско-американским гименоптерологом Сергеем Владимировичем Тряпицыным (Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, Калифорнийский университет в Риверсайде, Калифорния, США)van Noort, S. & Triapitsyn, S.V. 2018. Revision of the Polynema dikobraz species-group with description of a remarkable new species from South Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae). ZooKeys 783: 67—84. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.783.26872 Triapitsyn, S.V.; Aquino, D.A. 2010: On the occurrence of Polynema Haliday (Dorypolynema Hayat and Anis) and Palaeoneura Waterhouse (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the New World, with description of two new species. Acta zoológica lilloana, 54(1-2): 61—77.Triapitsyn, S.V.; Fidalgo, P. 2006: Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362: 55—68. AbstractGirault, A.A. (1911 ) Descriptions of three new North American species of the mymarid genus Polynema Haliday parasitic on membracid eggs, with a list of species described since the year 1898. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 19, 12-23.Huber, J.T. & Bouček, Z. (2001) Polynema Haliday, 1833 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): Designation of Polynema flavipes Walker, 1846, as the type species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 10 (2), 280—281.New, T.R. (1976) The Australian species of Polynema Haliday, s.l., (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) described by A.A. Girault. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 42, 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS042Schauff, M.E. & Grissell, E.E. (1982) Nomenclatural notes on Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with description of a new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 84, 529—534.Soyka, W. (1956b) Monographie der Polynemagruppe mit den Gattungen Acmopolynema Ogloblin, Barypolynema Ogloblin, Doryclitus Förster, Erdösiella g.n., Grangeriella g.n., Maidliella Soyka, Palaeoneura Waterhouse, Polynema Haliday, Richteria Girault, Stephanodes Enock, Tetrapolynema Ogloblin. Abhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 19, 1-115..
Polynema acutiventre (Soyka, 1956) Polynema aegyptiacum (Soyka, 1950) Polynema aequicoloratum (Soyka, 1950) Polynema albicorne Girault, 1917 Polynema albicoxa Ashmead, 1900 Polynema albitarse Kieffer, 1913 Polynema altitudine (Soyka, 1950) Polynema anamalaiense Mani & Saraswat, 1973 Polynema anantanagana Narayanan, 1961 Polynema anceps Debauche, 1948 Polynema antoniae (Soyka, 1950) Polynema apicale Perkins, 1910 Polynema arcticum Soyka, 1956 Polynema aspidioti Girault, 1911 Polynema assamense Hayat & Singh, 2001 Polynema aterrimum (Soyka, 1956) Polynema atractoura Debauche, 1948 Polynema atratum Haliday, 1833 Polynema atrosimile Soyka, 1956 Polynema atrum (Soyka, 1956) Polynema auricorpus Girault, 1917 Polynema auripedicellatum (Soyka, 1950) Polynema bakkendorfi Hincks, 1950 Polynema bergi Ashmead, 1905 Polynema bimaculatipenne Girault, 1911 Polynema bischoffi (Soyka, 1950) Polynema bitashimwae Debauche, 1949 Polynema boreum Girault, 1915 Polynema brevicarinae Annecke & Doutt, 1961
Polynema breviscapus Wang & Aishan, 2025Aishan Z, Wang J-L, Sharengaowa, Triapitsyn SV (2025) Polynema (Polynema) Haliday (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) of Xinjiang: descriptions of three new species, with eleven new records from China. ZooKeys 1251: 39—60. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1251.161229 Polynema brittanum Girault, 1911 Polynema caesariatipenne Girault, 1911 Polynema calceatiscapus (Soyka, 1940) Polynema capillatum Soyka, 1956 Polynema carbonelli (Ogloblin, 1963) Polynema carpaticum Soyka, 1956 Polynema ceroplastae Ghesquière, 1942 Polynema ciliatum (Say, 1829) Polynema clotho (Debauche, 1949) Polynema collaris Soyka, 1956 Polynema consobrinum Girault, 1911 Polynema crassa Mani & Saraswat, 1973 Polynema crassicorne Förster, 1847 Polynema curtum (Debauche, 1949) Polynema dakhlae (Soyka, 1950) Polynema decoloratum Soyka, 1956 Polynema depressicollis Hellén, 1974 Polynema dhenkunde Mani & Saraswat, 1973 Polynema draperi Girault, 1912 Polynema dunense Hayat & Anis, 1999 Polynema editha Girault, 1938 Polynema elegantissimum Soyka, 1956 Polynema elongatum Soyka, 1956 Polynema enchenopae Girault, 1911 Polynema englandicum Özdikmen, 2011 Polynema euchariforme Haliday, 1833 Polynema europense Özdikmen, 2011 Polynema eurydice (Debauche, 1949) Polynema eutettexi Girault, 1917 Polynema fasciatum (Debauche, 1949) Polynema fennicosimile (Soyka, 1940) Polynema fennicum Soyka, 1946 Polynema filicorne Soyka, 1956 Polynema flavipes Walker, 1846 Polynema florum Girault, 1929 Polynema foersteri Soyka, 1946 Polynema frater Girault, 1913 Polynema fulmeki Soyka, 1941 Polynema fumipenne Walker, 1846 Polynema fuscipes Haliday, 1833 Polynema gallica Soyka, 1956 Polynema gargarae Viggiani & Jesu, 1986 Polynema gaucho Triapitsyn & Aquino, 2010 Polynema gigas Perkins, 1910 Polynema giraulti Perkins, 1912 Polynema globosiventris Soyka, 1956 Polynema gongliuense Sharengaowa & Aishan, 2025 Polynema gracile (Nees, 1834) Polynema gracilior Soyka, 1946 Polynema graculus Girault, 1911 Polynema grande (Taguchi, 1971) Polynema grenadense Ashmead, 1900 Polynema haitianum Dozier, 1932 Polynema halidayi Debauche, 1948 Polynema haloxyloniae Sharengaowa & Aishan, 2025 Polynema hawaiiense Ashmead, 1901 Polynema hebe (Debauche, 1949) Polynema helochaeta (Debauche, 1949) Polynema howardii (Ashmead, 1887) Polynema howdeni (Yoshimoto, 1990) Polynema hundsheimense Soyka, 1956 Polynema hyalinipenne Girault, 1917 Polynema illustre Soyka, 1956 Polynema imitatrix Gahan, 1918 Polynema inconsuetum Soyka, 1956 Polynema jassidarum Perkins, 1910 Polynema kalatopense Mani & Saraswat, 1973 Polynema kamathi Mani & Saraswat, 1973 Polynema kressbachi Soyka, 1956 Polynema laetum Förster, 1847 Polynema lansi Soyka, 1956 Polynema latior Soyka, 1956 Polynema latipectoris Soyka, 1956 Polynema latipenne Förster, 1847 Polynema latissimum Soyka, 1956 Polynema longicauda Kieffer, 1913 Polynema longigaster Soyka, 1956 Polynema longior Soyka, 1956 Polynema longipectoris (Soyka, 1956) Polynema longipennatum Soyka, 1956 Polynema longipes (Ashmead, 1887) Polynema longum (Soyka, 1956) Polynema loriger Kieffer, 1916 Polynema lucidum Soyka, 1956 Polynema luteolum (Ogloblin, 1960) Polynema maculipes (Ashmead, 1887) Polynema magniceps Ashmead, 1900 Polynema maidli Soyka, 1956 Polynema malkwitzi Soyka, 1956 Polynema manaliense Hayat & Anis, 1999 Polynema marginatum (Soyka, 1940) Polynema marilandicum Girault, 1917 Polynema medicae (Annecke & Doutt, 1961) Polynema megacephala Risbec, 1951 Polynema mendeli Girault, 1913 Polynema microptera Bakkendorf, 1934 Polynema modestum (Soyka, 1940) Polynema mundum Soyka, 1946 Polynema mutabile Botoc, 1963 Polynema nanum Perkins, 1910 Polynema nativum Girault, 1929 Polynema needhami Ashmead, 1900 Polynema neofuscipes (Soyka, 1946) Polynema neopusillum Soyka, 1956 Polynema neorectum Soyka, 1956 Polynema neustadti Soyka, 1956 Polynema nigriceps Soyka, 1956 Polynema nigrocoxalis (Soyka, 1940) Polynema novickyi Soyka, 1946 Polynema nupogodi Triapitsyn & Aquino, 2008 Polynema oahuense Perkins, 1910 Polynema oreades (Debauche, 1949) Polynema orientale Girault, 1917 Polynema ovatum Soyka, 1956 Polynema ovulorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Polynema pallidipenne Soyka, 1956 Polynema pallidiventre (Ogloblin, 1960) Polynema pallidum Soyka, 1956 Polynema palustre (Soyka, 1940) Polynema parvipennis Soyka, 1956 Polynema parvipetiolatum Soyka, 1956 Polynema pechlaneri Soyka, 1956 Polynema pellucens Soyka, 1956 Polynema pennicilipennis Soyka, 1956 Polynema perforator Perkins, 1910 Polynema perkinsi Özdikmen, 2011 Polynema permagnum Soyka, 1956 Polynema pernigripes Girault, 1917 Polynema phaseoli Dozier, 1932 Polynema picea Soyka, 1956 Polynema picipes Girault, 1905 Polynema pilipennis Soyka, 1956 Polynema pilosum (Soyka, 1940) Polynema platense (Brèthes, 1913) Polynema poeta Girault, 1913 Polynema polandicum Özdikmen, 2011 Polynema polonicum Soyka, 1956 Polynema polychromum (Ogloblin, 1960) Polynema porteri (Brèthes, 1917) Polynema pratensiphagum Walley, 1929 Polynema prolongatum (Soyka, 1956) Polynema protractum Soyka, 1956 Polynema pulchricoloris Soyka, 1956 Polynema pusilloides Debauche, 1948 Polynema pusillum Haliday, 1833 Polynema pyrophila Perkins, 1910 Polynema quadricaput Soyka, 1956 Polynema quadruplex (Soyka, 1940) Polynema rectosimile Soyka, 1956 Polynema rectum Soyka, 1956 Polynema reginum Girault, 1912 Polynema reticulatum (Ogloblin, 1946) Polynema richmondense Hincks, 1960 Polynema rubriventris Perkins, 1910 Polynema ruficolle Kieffer, 1913 Polynema rufonigrum Soyka, 1956 Polynema ruschkai Soyka, 1956 Polynema ruymbekei Mathot, 1969 Polynema sachtlebeni Soyka, 1956 Polynema saga (Girault, 1911) Polynema schmitzi Soyka, 1956 Polynema schulzewskyi Soyka, 1956 Polynema scrutator Perkins, 1910 Polynema secundobreve Soyka, 1956 Polynema serratum (Debauche, 1949) Polynema seychellense Masi, 1917 Polynema sibylla Girault, 1911 Polynema solare (Soyka, 1940) Polynema soykai Özdikmen, 2011 Polynema speciosum (Soyka, 1940) Polynema spectabile (Soyka, 1956) Polynema stammeri Soyka, 1946