La lista dei Marjaʿ (pl. marājiʿ) comprende i nominativi dei Grandi Ayatollah (Āyatollāh al-ʿUẓmā) e Marjaʿ al-taqlīd sciiti duodecimani. Il Marjaʿ al-taqlīd fornisce l'interpretazione autentica dei dati coranici e di Sunna (ossia sciaraitici) ed è incaricato della raccolta e della distribuzione delle imposte religiose (zakat e khums).
Marjaʿ al-taqlīd del passato
Dal 350 H./960 d.C. Qui di seguito sono ricordati gli ʿulamāʾ che hanno vissuto dal 350 H. circa, equivalente al 960 d.C.: N° Immagine Nome Anno di nascitaEVH. Anno di morteEVH. nascita Istruzione morte Sito Note 1 - Ābān -Abū Saʿīd Ābān b. Taghlib b. Rabāḥ al-Bakrī al-Jarīrī al-Kindī al-Kufī - - - 758141 Iraq Arabia Arabia Biografia,Biḥār al-anwār, Vol. 02:#80, Nominato dall'Imām Muḥammad al-Bāqir a MedinaAl-Muraja'at: Letter 16:A Hundred Shi`a Authorities Relied upon by Sunnis , 1. Ābān b. Taghlīb 2 - Abū Basīr - Yaḥyā b. al-Qāsim al-Ḥadhdhāʾ - - - - 150 - - - BiografiaWasāʾil al-Shīʿa, Vol. 18:#103, Nominato dall'Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 3 - Ibn Muslim - Muḥammad b. Muslim - - - - - - - - BiografiaWasāʾil al-Shīʿa, Vol. 18:#105, nominato dall'Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 4 - Zakariyā Qummī - Zakariyā b. Ādam-i Qummī - - - - - - - - - ,Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, Vol. 18:#106, nominato dall'Imām ʿAlī al-RiḍāChapter 4 – Leadership in the era of occultation - Al Muntazar “Sit in Masjid-e-Nabavi and give your verdicts pertaining to religious matters.” .... Imam Reza (a.s.) replied: “Go to Zakaria bin Adam Qummi, he is our turtle in ... 5 - Yunus - Yūnus b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān - - - 825-826210 - - - - ,Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, Vol. 18:#107, nominato dall'Imām ʿAlī al-Riḍā 6 - Ṣafwān - Abū Muḥammad Ṣafwān b. Yaḥyā al-Bajalī Bayya' al-Ṣābirī - - - - - - - - - ,A Medieval Muslim Scholar at Work: Ibn Ṭāwūs and His Library di Etan Kohlberg, Yahya al-Bajafi Bayya' al-Sabiri (d. 210/825-826)...Shi'ite Jurists and Authors on Jurisprudence and Hadith , ii) Safwan bin Yahya Bayya' Sabari; 7 - Abū ʿUmayr - Muḥammad b. Abī ʿUmayr - - - - - - - - - 8 - Mughīra - ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mughīra - - - - - - - - - 9 - ʿAlī al-ʿUrayḍī - علي العريضيAbū Ḥasan ʿAlī al-ʿUrayḍī ibn Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq - 757-140- 835+220+ Arabia Arabia Arabia Biografia - 10 - Rād - al-Ḥasan b. Maḥbūb al-Rād (o al‑Sarrād o al‑Zarrād) al‑Kūfī - - - 839 224 - - - - ,HIS SCHOOL AND KNOWLEDGE , Shaykh al-Tusi writes, "The followers of our school of thought have agreed on the probity and trustworthiness of six fuqahāʾ, who were taught and educated by al-Kāẓim and al-Riḍā (a.s.). They were: Yunus b. 'Abd al-Rahman, Safwan b. Yahya, Bayya' al-Sabiri, Muhammad b. Abi ʿUmayr, Abd Allah b. al-Mughira, al-Ḥasan b. Maḥbūb al-Rad and Ahmad b. Muhammad bin Abī Naṣr."[labbaik.ir/en/uploads/book/kafi_part_1.doc Kafi Part 1], Rijal al‑Tusi, By Shaykh al‑Ta'ifa Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al‑Tusi ..... Al‑Hasan ibn Mahbub al‑Sarrad (or al‑Zarrad) al‑Kufi (d. 224/839), 6/VIII, Tr 347 ...Shi'ite Scholars in the Field of Applied Sciences - WWW.AL-SHIA.ORG , Hasan bin Mahbub Sarrad, according to Ibn al-Nadim wrote an exegesis of the Quran. He died in 224 A.H.. 11 - Abū Naṣr - Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Abī Naṣr - - - - - - - - - 12 - ʿUthmān al-ʿAmrī - 'Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi - - - - 267- - - - - Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa:Vol-18:#100, nominato dall'Imām ʿAlī al-Naqī 13 - Abū Isḥāq - Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd ibn Hilāl al-Thaqafī al-Iṣfahānī - - - 896+283 Iraq Iraq Iran Biografia - 14 - Ahwāzī - Abū Muḥammad Ḥusayn ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥamād ibn Mehrān Ahwāzī - - 896+283+ Iraq Iraq Iran BiografiaHusein Ibn-e Sa'īd Ahwāzī, Husein Ibn-e Sa'īd Ahwāzī. Abū Muhammad, Husein son of Sa'īd son of Hamād son of Mehrān Ahwāzī, a great Shi'a scholar, was born in Kūfah the city of great ... 15 - Muḥammad al-ʿAmrī - Muḥammad b. Saʿīd al-ʿAmrī - - - - 305 - - - - Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa:Vol-18:#107, nominato dall'Imām ʿAlī al-Naqī 16 - ʿUmānī - al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī ʿAqīl al-ʿUmānī - - - 941329 - - - - ,The Leading Shia Ulama of Fourth Century Hijrah , Ibn Abi Aqeel Ummani This ʿUmān is on the coast of Yemen, and therefore he was also known as Yemeni.The Science of Jurisprudence among the Shi'ah , Shi'ah jurisprudence on the basis of ijtihad was first founded by Ibn Abi 'Aqil 'Umani (died in the first part of the fourth century AH), a contemporary of al-Kulayni ...The Place of al-Mufid in the Development of Shi'i Kalam and Fiqh, Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khameneʾi, al-Tawḥīd, vol x, Nos. 2 and 3, Translated from the Persian by Ali Quli Qarai. Its two well-known representatives are al-Hasan ibn 'Ali ibn Abi ʿAqīl al-ʿUmānī ...... As to al-ʿUmānī, this tendency is not ascribed to him. ....... al-Mufīd find a valid framework for the practice of fiqh, which was a first step, to which al-ʿUmānī's work must be considered a prelude. 17 - 'Ali Qummī - قمي'ʿAlī ibn Babawayh al-Qummī علي بن القمي - - 941329 - - - - 18 - al-Kulaynī - الكليني Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī محمد بن يعقوب الكليني 864250 941329 Iran Iraq Iraq Biografia 1, Biografia 2 19 - Iskāfī - Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad ibn Humām ibn Suhayl Iskāfī - 872258 947336 Iraq Iraq Iraq Biografia -
Dal 351 H./961 d.C. al 1200 H./1785 d.C. Di seguito sono ricordati gli ʿulamāʾ che hanno trascorso la maggior parte della loro vita tra il 350 H. circa, equivalente al 961 d.C., e il 1200 H./1785 d.C.: S No Immagine Nome Anno di nascita Anno di morte Nascita Istruzione Morte Website Note 1 - Ibn-e Qūliwayh - Shaykh Abū l-Qāsim Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad, figlio di Jaʿfar ibn Mūsā ibn Masrūr ibn Qūliwayh-e Qummī - - - 0977367 Iran Iran Iran Biografia - 2 - Ayyāshī - عياشيAyyāshī al-Samarqandīعياشي السمرقندي - - 0978368 - - - - 3 - Abū Ghālib ZurārīAḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān ibn Ḥasan ibn Jahm ibn Bukayr ibn Aʿyūn Shaybānī Kūfī Baghdādī - 898285 0978368 Iraq Iraq Iraq Biografia - 4 - Iskāfī - Ibn Junayd al-Iskāfī - - - 0991381 - - - - 5 - Shaykh Ṣadūq - شيخ صدوق Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Babawayh al-Qummīأبو جعفر محمد ابن علي ابن بابويه القمي 918305 0993383 Iran Iraq Iran - - 6 - Ṣāḥib, Al-Kafat - صاحبIsmāʿīl ibn-e ʿIbād صاحب بن عباد - - 0993383 Iran Iran Iran Biografia 7 - Rażī - الرضيSayyid al-Rażī الشريف الرضي 970359 1015406 Iraq Iraq Iraq - 8 - Shaykh Mufīd - شيخ مفيدAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Nuʿmān al-ʿUkbarī al-Baghdādī أبو عبد الله محمد بن محمد بن النعمان البغدادي 948336 1022413 Iraq Iraq Iraq - 9 Ibn Sīnā - ابن سیناAbū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā - 980Ṣafar 370 10374 Ramaḍān 428 Iran Iran Iran Biografia - 10 - Sayyid Murtaḍā - سيد مرتضىAbū l-Qāsim ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Sayyid al-Murtaḍā ʿAlam al-Hudā أبو القاسم علي بن الحسين السيد المرتضى علم الهدى 965355 1044436 - - - -, 11 - Ḥalabī - حلبيAbū al-Ṣalāḥ al-Ḥalabī أبو الصلاح الحلبي - - 1055447 - - - - 12 - al-Najjāshī - النجاشيAḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-Najjāshī احمد بن علي النجاشي - - 1058450 - - - 13 - Shaykh Ṭūsī - شیخ طوسیAbū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan Ṭūsī ابوجعفر محمد بن حسن طوسی 995385 1068460 - - - 14 - Ibn Barrāj - بن براجQāḍī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ḥalabī قاضي عبد العزيز الحلبي - - 1088481 - - - 15 - Ḥākim Ḥaskāni, Ibn-e Ḥaddād - Qādi Ḥākim Abū l-Qāsīm ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥaskānī Qurashī Āmirī Nayshābūrī - - 1097490 - - - Biografia - 16 - al-ʿAllāma al-Ṭabarsī - العلامة الطبرسيAmīn al-Islām Abū ʿAlī Faḍl ibn Ḥasan ibn al-Faḍl al-Ṭabarsī أمين الإسلام الطبرسي 1074468 1153548 - - - Biografia 17 - RāwandīQuṭb al-Dīn Rāwandī - - - 1177573 - - - - 18 - Ibn-e AṣḥābIbn-e Shahr Aṣḥāb - - - 1177588 - - - - 19 - ḤillīMuḥammad b. Idrīs Ḥillī - 1148543 1202598 Iraq Iraq Iraq Biografia 20 - KashmīrīSayyed Ḥusaynī Qummī Iran Iran India 21 - Muntajab al-DīnMuntajab al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ḥasan b. Bābawayh Qummī - - 504 1204600 Iran Iran Iran Biografia - 21 - Ibn ṬāʾūsSayyed Raḍī al-Dīn Abū l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar b. Ṭāʾūs - - 5 Muharram 579 1266664 Iraq Iraq Iraq Biografia 22 - Naṣīr al-Dīn ṬūsīKhwaja Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī - - 597 1274673 - - - -, 23 - Ghiyāth al-DīnSayyed ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Jamāl al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar b. Ṭāʾūs - 1250648 1294693 - - - Biografia - 24 - Muḥaqqiq ḤillīJaʿfar ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ḥasan ibn Saʿīd - 1204602 1277676 - - - Biografia - 25 - Irbilī Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā ibn Abī l-Fatḥ Irbilī - - - 1294693 - - - Biografia - 26 - ʿAllāma ḤillīAbū Manṣūr Jamāl al-Dīn Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Muṭahhar - 125019 Ramadan 648 132611 Muharram 726 - - - Biografia 27 - Muḥaqqiqīn ḤillīFakhr al-Muḥaqqiqīn Ḥillī - - - 1368771 - - - - 28 - Shahid AwwalAbū ʿAbd Allāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Jamāl al-Dīn Makkī - 1334734 1384786 Libano Arabia Siria - 29 - MiqdādFāḍil Miqdād - - - 1423826 - - - - - 30 - AsadīAḥmad b. Fahd Ḥillī Asadī - - 757 1437841 - - - Biografia 31 - BayāḍīʿAlī b. Yūnus Nabaṭī Bayāḍī - 1402804 1472877 - - - - - 32 - KafʿamīTaqī al-Dīn Ibrāhīm Kafʿamī - - - 1500905 - - - - 33 - Muḥaqqiq al-Karakī Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-ʿĀl al-Karakī - - 870 1533940 - - - - 34 - Shahīd ThānīJamāl al-Dīn ibn Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Fāḍil Aḥmed ibn Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Taqī ibn Moḥammed Ṣāleḥ - 1505911 1559966 Libano Iraq Arabia - 35 - Muqaddas Ardebīlī Moḥammed ibn Aḥmed Ardebīlī - - - 1585Ṣafar 993 Iran Iraq Iraq Biografia 36 - Shahīd ThālithQāḍī Nūrullāh Shustarī - 1549956 16101019 Iran Iraq India - 37 - Shaykh BahāʾīMuḥammad b. al-Shaykh Ḥusayn al-Ḥarithī al-Jabʿi al-ʿĀmilī al-Bahāʾī - 154617 Muharram 953 162212 Shawwal 1031 Libano Iran Iran Biografia 38 - Mullā Ṣadra - 16401050 - - - - 39 - ʿAllāma Majlisī AwwalMoḥammad Taqī Majlisī - - - 16601070 - - - - 40 - Mullā MazandarānīṢāleḥ Mazandarānī - - - 16701081 - - - - 41 - Muḥaqqiq SabzawārīMuḥammad Bāqir Sabzawārī - - - 16791090 - - - - 42 - Mullā Fāʾiḍ KāshānīMoḥammed Moḥsin Fāʾiḍ Kāshānī - 15991007 16801091 Iran Iran Iran Biografia 43 - Muhaqqiq Khwānsārīal-Ḥusayn Khwānsārī - - - 16871098 - - - - 44 - Shaykh ʿĀmilīShaykh al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī - - 8 Rajab 1033 169321 Ramadan 1104 - - - Biografia 45 - ʿAllāma BaḥrānīSayyed Hāshim Baḥrānī - - - 16961107 - - - - 46 ʿAllāma Majlisī ThānīMoḥammad Bāqir Majlisī - 16281037 16991111 Iran Iran Iran Biografia 47 - JazāʾerīSayyed Niʿmatullāh Jazāʾerī - - - 17001112 - - - - 48 - Āqā KhwānsārīJamāl al-Dīn Moḥammad Khwānsārī - - - 17131125 - - - - 49 - Mīrzā AfandīMīrzā ʿAbd Allāh Iṣfahānī Afandī - - - 17181130 - - - - 50 - 'Fāḍil-e HindīMuḥammad Bahāʾ al-Dīn Fāḍil b. Ḥasan b. Muḥammad Iṣfahānī - - 1062 17251137 - - - Biografia, 51 - Ṣāḥib ḤadāʾeqYūsuf b Aḥmed - - - 17721186 - - - - 52 -ā Waḥīd al-BihbahānīMuḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad Akmal - - 1118 17931207 - - - -, 53 - Mullā NaraqīMoḥammad Mahdī Naraqī - 17161128 17941209 Iran Iran Iran Biografia 54 - ʿAllāma Baḥr al-ʿUlūmSayyed Moḥammad Mahdī Baḥr al-ʿUlūm - 1742Shawwal 1155 17971212 Iraq Iraq Iraq Biografia
Tra il 1201 H./1786 d.C. & il 1300 H./1883 d.C. Di seguito gli ʿulamāʾ che hanno vissuto tra il 1201 H./1785 d.C. e il 1300 H./1883 d.C.: